The purpose of this article is to review on few parameters of water quality assessment methods like pH, alkalinity, salinity, hardness, conductance etc. commonly employed. Various methods have been discussed which are employed to analyze cations and anions in natural sources of water, which are key indicators of water quality. The major cation such as Calcium (Ca²⁺), Magnesium (Mg²⁺), Sodium (Na⁺), and Potassium (K⁺) and anions such as carbonate (CO₃²⁻), bicarbonate (HCO3-), Chloride (Cl⁻), Fluoride (F-), Arsenate (AsO₄³⁻), Sulfate (SO₄²⁻), nitrate (NO₃⁻), and phosphate (PO₄³⁻) significantly influence the chemical balance of water system. In this review, we have discussed some analytical methods for few cations and anions present in water sample. The permissible limits of these ions present in water sample are also discussed according to Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and World Health Organization (WHO) standards for drinking purposes. The review is mainly on the different parameters for the quality measurement of water for drinking purposes, respectively. The review highlights the strengths and limitations of each method, and discusses the growing need for integrated approaches that combine chemical, physical, and biological assessments to achieve comprehensive water quality evaluation. Understanding the concentration and distribution of cations and anions is essential for managing water resources, mitigating pollution, and ensuring public health safety.